General Program Courses - Pharm D
PAC 101 - Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry I (2+1)
Chemical Kinetics, rate of reaction, first Order reaction, rate law , Second order
and third order of reaction, molecularity , Chemical equilibrium, Theories of
reaction rate, activation energy and catalysis , Photochemistry, absorbed energy,
quantum yield and chemical equilibrium.
Introduction to general chemistry, Types of chemical reactions – calculations of
concentrations of substances. Analysis of anions – Analysis of cations – Analysis
of mixture of anions and cations.
PAC 202 - Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry II (2+1)
Acid-Base theory, titration curves, indicators, applications. Titrations in non
aqueous media, classification of solvents, theory, applications. Precipitimetrictitrations: solubility product principle, titration curves, Mohr's method. volhard's
method, Fajans' method, pharmaceutical application. Complexometric reactions,
theory, reaction with EDTA, indicators, applications.
PAC 303 - Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry III (1+1)
Redox titrations, theory, oxidation potentials, Nernest equation, titration curves,
redox indicators, selected oxidants and reductants, applications of redox titrations
. The course also covers applied pharmaceutical analysis such as water analysis
(water hardness, analysis of chloride, chlorine, iron, oxidizable matter, …in water.
Electrochemical methods, electrode potential, reference electrodes, indicator
electrode, applications. Conductomertric titration : ionic conductance, definition of
cell constant, conductance, applications. polarography: ILkovic equation, dropping
mercury electrodes, diffusion current, applications, derivatization polarography.
PAC 404 - Instrumental Analysis (2+1)
Spectroscopic methods of analysis which include uv/vis spectroscopy, principal,
instrumentation, factors affecting absorption and applications in pharmaceutical
analysis. Fluorimetric methods, principal instrumentation, factors affecting
fluorescence intensity and applications in pharmaceutical analysis. Atomic
spectroscopy; principal and instrumentation.
Chromatographic methods for analytical chemistry which includes: TLC, gel
chromatography, column chromatography, HPLC, UPLC, TLC, gas
chromatography, capillary electrophoresis.
PAC 005 - Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals (2+1)
The course is shared with departments: Microbiology & Chemistry :
I-Quality control & quality assurance of pharmaceuticals .
The course has to be designed for quality control
microbiology professionals, quality assurance or regulatory affairs personnel
who have responsibility for the performance of Bioburden, Endotoxin &
Sterility Testing or for data review, pharmacists performing sterile
compounding.Principles, methods and procedures of different quality control
tests used for evaluation of safety, potency and palatability of pharmaceutical
products of small and large molecules drugs (biologicals) including herbal
drugs have to be taught. The standard pharmacopeial methods and procedures
as well as international guidelines as WHO, EMA, TGA should be discussed.
II-Good Analytical Practice and Sampling: Introduction, Sampling of
pharmaceuticals and related materials, Type of sampling tools, Sampling plans.
III- Documentation
IV- Validation of analytical methods according to ICH Guidelines Q2 R1.
Compendial testing , Validation of analytical methods, Data elements required for
assay validation.
V- drug stability, stability studies and stability indicating methods Drug stability,
Stability testing , Forced degradation studies , stability indicating assay methods
for drugs according to ICH Q1 R2 Guidelines. Stress conditions for drug
degradation according to ICH Q1 R2 Guidelines. Factors affecting drugdegradation, Drug expiration, Drug withdrawal from the market. Pharmaceutical
regulations according to FDA & EMA (European medicine agency) and ISO and
BSI. Drug-excipient interactions and adduct formation; analytical techniques used
to detect drug-excipient compatibility, mechanism of drug-excipient interactions,
examples.
VI- Official methods of analysis applied to raw materials and end products.
PAC E06 - Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis (1+1)
Electromagnetic radiation- UV and visible light- molecular absorption- Beer’s
Lambert Law- Monochromatic light and monochromators- Spectrophotometerdeviation from Beer’s Lambert Law- Job’s method- serial dilution- Calibration
curve and determination of unknown- Fluorimetry- difference between
fluorimetry and phosphorescence- Stoke’s shift- factors affecting Fluorescence -
Spectrofluorimeter- atomic spectroscopy- atomic absorption- atomic emission.